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Benefit-sharing from DSI rests on the provider country's national framework. Where it requires bilateral benefit-sharing for DSI, those terms apply. Where it gives effect to the CBD multilateral mechanism, users of its publicly available DSI should share benefits through it: all users non-monetary benefits, as appropriate, and commercial users above set size thresholds also monetary contributions to the Cali Fund. Where it is silent on DSI, the position is not yet settled: check with the country's competent national authority, through the ABS service. Any terms agreed when the genetic resources were accessed still apply. Access and benefit-sharing questions are handled by the ABS service, not by the DataBank. Learn more →
domestic cattle
taxon 9913Also known as: Bos bovis, Bos primigenius taurus
Introduced
Occurrence records: Recorded mostly outside Africa. 4,525 of 467,191 GBIF records (1%) are from Africa (checked 10/9/2026). A hint from GBIF and the genomes on this Hub, not an assessment: GBIF includes zoo and travel records.
Species that share this one's nearest groups in NCBI Taxonomy. This is how they're classified, not a phylogeny. See it in the species tree.
The assembly file for Bos taurus hasn't finished reaching the Hub yet — check back shortly.
Origin: hub
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First synced: 8/26/2026 · Last updated: 8/26/2026
Source: NCBI GCA_054825135.1 · View at source ↗
Collection: South Africa: Potchefstroom
Sequencing: PacBio; Oxford Nanopore PromethION; Illumina NovaSeq · Hifi-HiC Phasing-VGP4 v. 1 · 61x coverage
Released: 2026-01-29 · Submitted by: African Biogenome Project
publiccc0AFDSI-SEQ-398 Benefit-sharing under CBD Decision 16/2 and national frameworks →Country of origin: ZA · PIC: unknown · MAT: unknown
GoaT: Chromosome assembly · 2.77 Gb · scaffold N50 103,308,737 · 31 chromosomes · View at source ↗
Publicly accessible — no request needed.
DGKA — 734 aa
APLF — 485 aa
PFKL — 780 aa
ATP1A2 — 1020 aa
SPAST — 614 aa
RNF20 — 975 aa
MEF2A — 492 aa
SLC38A2 — 506 aa
PLN — 52 aa
PLN — 52 aa
Origin: hub
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First synced: 8/26/2026 · Last updated: 8/26/2026
Source: NCBI NM_001422550.1 · View at source ↗
Released: 2023-06-15
publiccc0AFDSI-SEQ-567 Country of origin not recorded: see how benefit-sharing works →Publicly accessible — no request needed.
AlphaFold DB proteome: UP000009136 ↗
PaxDb — real per-protein abundance
PAEP (9913.ENSBTAP00000062602) — abundance 78454AFDSI-PROTEOMICS-251
CSN1S1 (9913.ENSBTAP00000010119) — abundance 44649AFDSI-PROTEOMICS-252
ALB (9913.ENSBTAP00000022763) — abundance 42727AFDSI-PROTEOMICS-253
CSN2 (9913.ENSBTAP00000003409) — abundance 39438AFDSI-PROTEOMICS-254
LOC780933 (9913.ENSBTAP00000004737) — abundance 23645AFDSI-PROTEOMICS-255
PRSS1 (9913.ENSBTAP00000033392) — abundance 23645AFDSI-PROTEOMICS-256
HBB (9913.ENSBTAP00000050256) — abundance 18100AFDSI-PROTEOMICS-257
CSN3 (9913.ENSBTAP00000028685) — abundance 16244AFDSI-PROTEOMICS-258
HBA (9913.ENSBTAP00000037374) — abundance 16021AFDSI-PROTEOMICS-259
HBA1 (9913.ENSBTAP00000022034) — abundance 14318AFDSI-PROTEOMICS-260
PRIDE — project-level reference (metadata only; no per-protein identifications are available via PRIDE's public API)
N-Terminal Protein Sequencing by Nicotinic Acid Derivatization and MS Analysis (PXD081064) ↗AFDSI-PROJREF-116
Mini-Scale Cheese Peptidomics Reveals Strain-Specific Bitter Peptide Profiles During Cheese Aging (PXD079655) ↗AFDSI-PROJREF-119
A streamlined high-throughput metaproteomic workflow for functional analysis of the rumen microbiome (PXD078749) ↗AFDSI-PROJREF-120
Droplet microfluidic hydrogen/deuterium exchange for investigating protein dynamics with millisecond precision exchange (PXD077479) ↗AFDSI-PROJREF-121
Inflammation markers are associated with small extracellular vesicle protein signatures in cows with Mycoplasma bovisInflammation markers are associated with small extracellular vesicle protein signatures in cows with Mycoplasma bovis (PXD076220) ↗AFDSI-PROJREF-123
Development of an in vitro model of Mycoplasma bovis infection in static bioreactors for proteomic investigation of small extracellular vesicles for biomarker discovery (PXD076118) ↗AFDSI-PROJREF-124
DDA and DIA analysis of calf thymus histone modifications using Prop-PIC derivatization (PXD075498) ↗AFDSI-PROJREF-125
ChEMBL rows are compounds active against a protein target from this organism — not confirmed as compounds the species itself produces, unlike ANPDB's.
ChEMBL: CHEMBL305153 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 30.8 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-227
ChEMBL: CHEMBL368457 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 24.6 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-228
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1788270 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 20.1 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-229
ChEMBL: ALPRENOLOL (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 2.98 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-230
ChEMBL: BETAXOLOL (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 657.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-231
ChEMBL: CHEMBL26917 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 17.6 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-232
ChEMBL: ALBUTEROL (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Kd 520.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-233
ChEMBL: CHEMBL97927 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 75000.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-234
ChEMBL: CHEMBL543416 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 540.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-235
MetaboLights: Metabolic study of Rumen and ileum in Yanbian cattle (View at source ↗)AFDSI-METABPROF-204
MetaboLights: Oregano essential oil improves growth performance and health of steers by maintaining gut-liver axis homeostasis through the ileal microbiota-mediated bile acid pathway (View at source ↗)AFDSI-METABPROF-189
MetaboLights: Metabolic cooperation and spatiotemporal niche partitioning in a kefir microbial community; Kefir fermentation curve (FIA-MS) (View at source ↗)AFDSI-METABPROF-200
MetaboLights: Lactation-related metabolic mechanism investigated based on mammary gland metabolomics and 4 biofluids’ metabolomics relationships in dairy cows (View at source ↗)AFDSI-METABPROF-32
MetaboLights: The impact of rumen and hindgut microbiomes on the persistent productivity of dairy cows. (View at source ↗)AFDSI-METABPROF-33
MetaboLights: Prevotella vs. Ruminococcus enterotypes drive divergent milk fat synthesis in dairy cows through rumen microbiota-host metabolic crosstalk (View at source ↗)AFDSI-METABPROF-34
MetaboLights: Metabolome and proteome changes in skeletal muscle and blood of pre-weaning calves fed leucine and threonine supplemented diets (View at source ↗)AFDSI-METABPROF-35
MetaboLights: Oregano essential oil-driven rumen microbiome metabolism potentially regulates intramuscular fatty acid profile in Holstein bulls through liver lipid metabolism (View at source ↗)AFDSI-METABPROF-36
MetaboLights: Deciphering metabolomic alterations in seminal plasma of crossbred (Bos taurus X Bos indicus) bulls through comparative deep metabolomic analysis (View at source ↗)AFDSI-METABPROF-190
MetaboLights: Metabolic cooperation and spatiotemporal niche partitioning in a kefir microbial community; Interaction between the kefir isolates Lactococcus lactis and Acetobacter fabarum (GC-MS)
pLDDT confidence: unknown
Auto-synced from PDBe 2fif · View at source ↗
publiccc_byAFDSI-STRUCT-4450-V3pLDDT confidence: unknown
Auto-synced from PDBe 4auc · View at source ↗
publiccc_byAFDSI-STRUCT-4454-V3pLDDT confidence: unknown
Auto-synced from PDBe 5v1d · View at source ↗
publiccc_byAFDSI-STRUCT-4449-V3pLDDT confidence: 88.1
Auto-synced from AlphaFold DB AF-P00794-F1 · View at source ↗
publiccc_byAFDSI-STRUCT-1160-V2pLDDT confidence: 85.9
Auto-synced from AlphaFold DB AF-A6QLW8-F1 · View at source ↗
publiccc_byAFDSI-STRUCT-1106-V2camera_trap at Namibia · Source: GBIF 6422423410 (View at source ↗)AFDSI-IMG-3151
camera_trap at Algeria · Source: GBIF 5938592499 (View at source ↗)AFDSI-IMG-1147
camera_trap at Algeria · Source: GBIF 6129921751 (View at source ↗)AFDSI-IMG-1148
camera_trap at Tanzania, United Republic of · Source: GBIF 6129957657 (View at source ↗)AFDSI-IMG-1149
camera_trap at Senegal · Source: GBIF 6133222454 (View at source ↗)AFDSI-IMG-1150
camera_trap at Tanzania, United Republic of · Source: GBIF 6147287858 (View at source ↗)AFDSI-IMG-1153
camera_trap at Tanzania, United Republic of · Source: GBIF 6147287858 (View at source ↗)AFDSI-IMG-1152
camera_trap at Mauritania · Source: GBIF 6185062556 (View at source ↗)AFDSI-IMG-1158
camera_trap at South Africa · Source: GBIF 6234876140 (View at source ↗)AFDSI-IMG-1159
camera_trap at South Africa · Source: GBIF 6334439069 (View at source ↗)AFDSI-IMG-1160
BioImage Archive: In support of: In the murine and bovine maternal mammary gland signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 is activated in clusters of epithelial cells around the day of birth (View on source archive ↗)AFDSI-CELL-147
BioImage Archive: Correlative three-dimensional X-ray histology (3D-XRH) as a tool for quantifying mammalian placental structure (View on source archive ↗)AFDSI-CELL-148
BioImage Archive: Confocal imaging data for "Volumetric morphometry reveals mitotic spindle width as the best predictor of spindle scaling" (View on source archive ↗)AFDSI-CELL-149
BioImage Archive: CAR19 Tregs treat murine chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease through immune suppression without measurable B-cell cytolysis (View on source archive ↗)AFDSI-CELL-150
BioImage Archive: The effect of image acquisition settings and image processing on fluorescence microscopy data and downstream analysis (View on source archive ↗)AFDSI-CELL-151
BioImage Archive: A correlative quantitative phase and super-resolution fluorescence microscope for imaging cellular structures and dynamics (View on source archive ↗)AFDSI-CELL-1270
CIL: kevin MacKenzie (2011) CIL:39061, Bos taurus, blood vessel endothelial cell. CIL. Dataset (View on source archive ↗)AFDSI-CELL-7573
CIL: Kevin MacKenzie (2011) CIL:39059, Bos taurus, blood vessel endothelial cell. CIL. Dataset (View on source archive ↗)AFDSI-CELL-7574
CIL: George E. Palade, L. J. Greene (2011) CIL:37263, Bos taurus. CIL. Dataset (View on source archive ↗)AFDSI-CELL-7575
CIL: George E. Palade, L. J. Greene (2011) CIL:37264, Bos taurus. CIL. Dataset (View on source archive ↗)AFDSI-CELL-7576
4,549 real GBIF-recorded occurrences across Africa — see this species on GBIF ↗.
This reflects real occurrence records submitted to GBIF, not a comprehensive range map — sampling effort varies significantly by country and region, so an absence here doesn't mean the species isn't present.
A real, citation-backed link between this species and a documented pathogen or wildlife reservoir host — see the Pathogen-Reservoir page (under One Health) for the full pilot list.
Documented pathogen associated with this species: Brucella abortus Endemic to Africa
Utilized a library of uniquely barcoded B. abortus strains to quantify population structure during colonization of cattle through a natural route of infection.
Evidence: Fiebig A, Vrentas CE, Le T, Huebner M, Boggiatto PM, Olsen SC, Crosson S. Quantification of Brucella abortus population structure in a natural host. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2021). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023500118. PMID: 33688053. AFDSI-ASSOC-59
Curated by Ms. Sarah C. Ihenko (University of Cambridge, United Kingdom) · ORCID 0009-0009-8896-7809 . Reviewed by the African DSI DataBank.
Documented pathogen associated with this species: Staphylococcus aureus Cosmopolitan
Staphylococcus aureus nevertheless has remained a very challenging and important mastitogenic pathogen in South Africa.
ChEMBL: CHEMBL95260 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 2200.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-236
ChEMBL: CHEMBL95813 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 6000.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-237
ChEMBL: CHEMBL330647 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 75000.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-238
ChEMBL: CHEMBL122983 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 100000.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-239
ChEMBL: CHEMBL318052 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 16000.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-240
ChEMBL: CHEMBL319173 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 19000.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-241
ChEMBL: CHEMBL2368616 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 4200.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-242
ChEMBL: CHEMBL554013 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; IC50 31000.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-243
ChEMBL: CHEMBL54526 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Potency ratio 2.3AFDSI-METABOLOMICS-244
ChEMBL: CHEMBL298596 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Potency ratio 1.4AFDSI-METABOLOMICS-245
ChEMBL: CHEMBL55556 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Potency ratio 32.0AFDSI-METABOLOMICS-246
ChEMBL: BAFILOMYCIN A1 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Potency ratio 1.0AFDSI-METABOLOMICS-247
ChEMBL: CHEMBL292443 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Potency ratio 9.2AFDSI-METABOLOMICS-248
ChEMBL: CHEMBL299049 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Potency ratio 1.4AFDSI-METABOLOMICS-249
ChEMBL: CHEMBL55299 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Potency ratio 1.2AFDSI-METABOLOMICS-250
ChEMBL: CHEMBL301117 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Potency ratio 280.0AFDSI-METABOLOMICS-251
ChEMBL: CHEMBL56572 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Potency ratio 3.2AFDSI-METABOLOMICS-252
ChEMBL: CHEMBL58324 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Potency ratio 9.1AFDSI-METABOLOMICS-253
ChEMBL: CHEMBL145741 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Ki 74.13 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-254
ChEMBL: CHEMBL145795 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Ki 199.99 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-255
ChEMBL: CHEMBL357211 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Ki 279.9 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-256
ChEMBL: CHEMBL435423 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Ki 1199.5 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-257
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1161260 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Ki 2897.34 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-258
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1161256 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Ki 29991.63 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-259
ChEMBL: CHEMBL142241 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Ki 33.96 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-260
ChEMBL: CHEMBL145517 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Ki 151.36 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-261
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1161253 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Ki 260.02 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-262
ChEMBL: CHEMBL358508 (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Ki 26977.39 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-263
ChEMBL: OXAMATE (View at source ↗) — Target organism (ChEMBL) — not confirmed as a compound this species produces; Ki 136000.0 nMAFDSI-METABOLOMICS-264
MetaboLights: Untargeted metabolomic investigate milk and ruminal fluid of Holstein cows supplemented with Perilla frutescens leaf (View at source ↗)AFDSI-METABPROF-172
MetaboLights: Untargeted metabolomics reveals bovine viral diarrhea virus infection reprogram host nucleotide and amino acid metabolism in MDBK Cells (View at source ↗)AFDSI-METABPROF-208
KEGG: KEGG genome-based metabolic profile (bta) (View at source ↗) — Genome-based pathway inference (KEGG) — reflects which metabolic pathways this species' annotated genes place it in, not experimentally measured metabolite presenceAFDSI-METABPROF-97
Curated by Dr. Ichrak Hayah (Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco) · ORCID 0000-0002-0783-9672. Reviewed by the African DSI DataBank.
Documented pathogen associated with this species: Salmonella enterica Cosmopolitan
The three most common serotypes were Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Heidelberg (n = 200), Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Enteritidis (n = 170) and Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhimurium (n = 146).
Evidence: Gelaw AK, Nthaba P, Matle I. Detection of Salmonella from animal sources in South Africa between 2007 and 2014. J S Afr Vet Assoc (2018). https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v89i0.1643. PMID: 30456978. AFDSI-ASSOC-5
Curated by Dr. Ichrak Hayah (Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco) · ORCID 0000-0002-0783-9672. Reviewed by the African DSI DataBank.
Documented pathogen associated with this species: Pasteurella multocida Not yet assessed
In this study, we determined the genome sequence of the capsular serotype A Pasteurella multocida strain MOR19, isolated from a calf that died from acute pneumonia.
Evidence: Semmate N, Boumart Z, Bamouh Z, Khayi S, Omari Tadlaoui K, Fellahi S, El Harrak M. Draft Genome Sequence of Pasteurella multocida Serotype A Strain MOR19, Isolated in Morocco. Microbiol Resour Announc (2021). https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00867-21. PMID: 34647807. AFDSI-ASSOC-6
Curated by Dr. Ichrak Hayah (Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco) · ORCID 0000-0002-0783-9672. Reviewed by the African DSI DataBank.
Documented pathogen associated with this species: Escherichia coli Endemic in Africa
Isolated multidrug-resistant E. coli strain SCM-21 from milk samples of dairy cows (Bos taurus)
Evidence: Das Mitra S, Bandopadhyay S, Jadhao S, Shome R, Shome BR. Genetic characterization and comparative genomics of a multi drug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli SCM-21 isolated from a subclinical case of bovine mastitis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101799. PMID: 35397469. AFDSI-ASSOC-9
Curated by Ms. Sarah C. Ihenko (University of Cambridge, United Kingdom) · ORCID 0009-0009-8896-7809 . Reviewed by the African DSI DataBank.
Documented pathogen associated with this species: Enterococcus faecium Not yet assessed
Table 1 reports one Enterococcus faecium isolate from a cow faecal sample collected in Flagstaff, Eastern Cape (EC), South Africa.
Evidence: El Zowalaty ME, Lamichhane B, Falgenhauer L, Mowlaboccus S, Zishiri OT, Forsythe S, Helmy YA. Antimicrobial resistance and whole genome sequencing of novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus durans isolated from livestock. Sci Rep (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42838-z. PMID: 37903806. AFDSI-ASSOC-1
Curated by Dr. Ichrak Hayah (Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco) · ORCID 0000-0002-0783-9672. Reviewed by the African DSI DataBank.
Documented pathogen associated with this species: Enterococcus faecalis Cosmopolitan
Table 1 reports two Enterococcus faecalis isolates from cow faecal samples collected in Scottburgh, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa.
Evidence: El Zowalaty ME, Lamichhane B, Falgenhauer L, Mowlaboccus S, Zishiri OT, Forsythe S, Helmy YA. Antimicrobial resistance and whole genome sequencing of novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus durans isolated from livestock. Sci Rep (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42838-z. PMID: 37903806. AFDSI-ASSOC-3
Curated by Dr. Ichrak Hayah (Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco) · ORCID 0000-0002-0783-9672. Reviewed by the African DSI DataBank.
Documented pathogen associated with this species: Enterococcus durans Not yet assessed
Table 1 reports one Enterococcus durans isolate from a cow faecal sample collected in Scottburgh, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa.
Evidence: El Zowalaty ME, Lamichhane B, Falgenhauer L, Mowlaboccus S, Zishiri OT, Forsythe S, Helmy YA. Antimicrobial resistance and whole genome sequencing of novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus durans isolated from livestock. Sci Rep (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42838-z. PMID: 37903806. AFDSI-ASSOC-2
Curated by Dr. Ichrak Hayah (Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco) · ORCID 0000-0002-0783-9672. Reviewed by the African DSI DataBank.